What might indicate an adverse food-drug interaction?

Increased side effects from medication is a key indicator of an adverse food-drug interaction. Such interactions can alter the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug, often leading to higher levels of the drug in the system, or interfering with the drug's mechanism of action. For example, certain foods may inhibit enzymes that metabolize medications, leading to increased concentrations at the target site and resulting in heightened side effects.

Improved drug absorption, while potentially advantageous, generally suggests a beneficial interaction rather than an adverse one. Similarly, no change in drug levels indicates that the food has no significant impact on the drug's pharmacokinetics, and enhanced drug effectiveness implies a positive interaction, which again would not suggest an adverse effect. Therefore, the presence of increased side effects is a clear and concerning sign of a problematic interaction that warrants attention and potentially a adjustment in therapy or dietary habits.